A New Look At Some Old Gods
“But then to what end was this world formed?,” said Candide. “To drive us mad.” replied Martin.—Candide, by Voltaire.The Deities of the ancient world were not conceived in the same manner as the “gods” of today. They were forces of nature, aspects of the psyche, concepts…they embodied this and more, and in consequence while the ancients revered them, they had no trouble having a laugh at their expense. They were realistic, as opposed to the modern sensibility of a dogmatic “correctness” that is the end of the artistic, natural spirit. Indeed, modern man is reaching a point of no return with Nature…unless he is forced to that return soon, as seems likely.
The Greeks and Romans seem, if not obviously, then furtively, to have very often thought of their deities in male and female pairs, or syzygies to use a term popularized by Dr. Carl Jung. But beyond that there were even considerations of “mixed” deities composed of attributes of two supposedly opposed ideas, yet in this is great Truth to be found. Hermes or Mercury is a symbol of the mind or intellect, and his counter was pure emotion or Aphrodite. Hermes was male but effeminate; Aphrodite female but with masculine attributes. Combined you see them as their child Hermaphroditos in which both conceptions are balanced in equal proportion, and this is symbolic of the Philosopher’s Stone of Alchemy, and what Jung referred to as integration. It is a symbol of wholeness, rather than a deity in and of itself; but this is just a rather familiar example of the ideas I am trying to express. Hermes was often said have a deep love for Aphrodite, and symbolically this is very much like the popular conception of the interaction between the two hemispheres of the brain.
A pair without actual historical association, but with a strong implication of association, is the Janus-Diana couple. Janus is the God of beginnings (c.f. ‘January’) and his name is related to the Latin word ianua, ‘gate, door’. He is double-faced, having one in front and one behind, seeing both the past and the future, but a closer look shows that he can only see the ‘now’, for it is the ‘now’ in which the past and future exist simultaneously; yet ironically the case can equally be said that he can see all but the present! With his attention firmly fixed backwards and forwards simultaneously, the present is dark to him.
It is strongly suggested that the Student study the myths of the world (particularly those “classical” stories of the Greeks and Romans) and attempt to work out the natural and/or psychological meaning behind what is meant by a given deity. The examples above should provide a more than adequate start, and the assiduous and inventive Student should come to find that this learning will be an ongoing process throughout his or her development. A close study of Joseph Campbell and the aforementioned C.G. Jung should prove of invaluable assistance.
©2012 Kevin L. Davis